Meaning of Irrigation
Watering of crops is necessary for the growth and development of plants. During the period of water shortage or drought, farmers must apply water to plants to prevent die-back or wilting.
This process of applying water to crops to avoid dieback is called irrigation. Irrigation refers to the artificial application of water to the soil to soften tillage pan aid plants promote plant growth and enhance development.
Farmers Irrigate for the purpose of supplying the moisture requires for plant growth and productivity. Food crops require constant water supply to ensure sufficient water availability to supplement natural sources for plants to thrive and survive.
Similarly, Irrigation can be defined as the artificial application of water to crops for the purpose of supplying moisture required for plant growth, protection against drought, and aid all-year-round cultivation of crops.
Nursery crops such as oil palm, rubber, cocoa, oranges, mangoes,(tree crops) tomatoes, pepper, garden eggs, and other ornamental plants pepper, garden egg, and other ornamental plants require constant irrigation or watering during nursery stage to ensure survival and growth before transplanting to the main field.
Food production during rainfed agriculture is often inadequate to meet global population demand. Therefore, irrigation is necessary to boost food production and enhance the attainment of food sufficiency.
During irrigation, it is paramount to know that the water requirement of crops varies depending on the type of crop and the environmental condition. For example, the water requirement for crops cultivated in screen houses, pots, and trays varies significantly from crops cultivated directly into the soil.
The significance of irrigation in crop-sustaining crops during the period of drought or dry season can be overemphasized. Ensuring that crops receive enough quantity of water during periods of water shortage is paramount for plant survival and productivity.
Aim/ Purpose of Irrigation
The following is the purpose of irrigating agricultural land
- To supply water to the soil essentially for plant growth and development
- To protect crops against drought.
- To cool the soil and the environment necessary for plant growth.
- To wash away or reduce the salt content of the soil
- To soften soil tillage pan and clods
- To provide a conducive environment for the survival of microorganisms
- To aid the application of fertilizer.